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An IPv4 address consists of 32 bits. Each string of numbers separated by the period consists of 8 bits, represented by 0 to 255 in numerical forms.

CIDR is a group of IP addresses that are allocated to the customer when they demand a fixed number of IP addresses. When compared to classful addressing, there is no waste of IP addresses in CIDR because only the number of IP addresses requested by the customer is allocated.

Have you ever wondered what happens behind the scenes when you visit an HTTPS website? How does your browser establish a secure connection with the server? This is where the TLS handshake comes in—a quick “conversation” between your browser and the server to set up encrypted communication.

The Restaurant Analogy

Think of a TLS handshake like entering a secure restaurant:

1. You arrive and tell the host your preferences (“Client Hello”)
2. Host verifies the restaurant by showing you their business license (“Certificate”)
3. You and the host agree on a secret code to communicate with the waiter (“Key Exchange”)
4. All conversations with the waiter now use this secret code (“Encrypted Communication”)

That’s essentially what happens when your browser connects to https://example.com!